1,4-Dioxane



1,4-Dioxane
IUPAC name 1,4-Dioxane
1,4-Dioxacyclohexane
Other names [1,4]Dioxane
p-Dioxane
Identifiers
CAS number 123-91-1
EINECS number 204-661-8
SMILES C1OCCOC1
Properties
Molecular formula C4H8O2
Molar mass 88.11 g/mol
Density 1.033 g/cm³
Melting point

11.8°C

Boiling point

101.1°C

Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation ΔfHo298 		-354 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of
combustion ΔcHo298 		-2363 kJ/mol
Standard molar
entropy So298 		196.6 J.K–1.mol–1
Hazards
EU classification Flammable (F)
Carc. Cat. 3
Irritant (Xn)
R-phrases R11, R19, R36/37,
R40, R66
S-phrases S46
Flash point 12 °C
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

1,4-Dioxane, often just called dioxane, is a clear, colorless tetrahydrofuran.

1,4-Dioxane is classified as an Schlenk equilibrium.

The name dioxane should not be confused with dioxin, which is a different compound but is also a diether (two ether functional groups).

 


Uses

1,4-Dioxane is primarily used in solvent applications for the manufacturing sector; however, it is also found in fumigants and automotive coolant. Additionally, the chemical is also used as a foaming agent and appears as an accidental byproduct of the ethoxylation[1] process in cosmetics manufacturing. It may contaminate cosmetics and personal care products such as deodorants, shampoos, toothpastes and mouthwashes.[2]

Safety concerns

Like many other ethers, dioxanes combine with atmospheric oxygen on standing to form explosive Distillation of dioxanes concentrates these peroxides increasing the danger. Appropriate precautions should be taken.

1,4-dioxane is a known eye and respiratory tract irritant. It is suspected of causing damage to the central nervous system, liver and kidneys.[3] Accidental worker exposure to 1,4-dioxane has resulted in several deaths.[4] Dioxane is classified by the IARC as a Group 2B carcinogen: possibly carcinogenic to humans due to the fact that it is a known carcinogen in animals.[5]

Like many solvents, 1,4-dioxane forms contamination plumes in groundwater when released to the environment. Groundwater supplies have been adversely impacted in several areas.

See also

References

  1. ^ Roderick E. Black. Occurrence of 1,4-Dioxane in Cosmetic Raw Materials and Finished Cosmetic Products. Journal of IAOC International. Retrieved on 2006-02-02.
  2. ^ CHEC Chemical Summary: 1,4-dioxane. Children's Health Environmental Coalition. Retrieved on 2006-02-02.
  3. ^ International Chemical Safety Card. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Retrieved on 2006-02-02.
  4. ^ OPPT Chemical Fact Sheets 1,4-Dioxane (CAS No. 123-91-1). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved on 2006-02-02.
  5. ^ Eleventh Report on Carcinogens. United States Department of Health and Human Services’ National Toxicology Program. Retrieved on 2006-02-02.
 
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