Amyloidosis



Amyloidosis
Classification & external resources
Small bowel duodenum with amyloid deposition congo red 10X
ICD-10 E85.
ICD-9 277.3
DiseasesDB 633
eMedicine med/3377  med/3888
MeSH D000686

In medicine, amyloidosis refers to a variety of conditions in which beta-pleated sheet.

Approximately 25 different proteins are known that can form amyloid in humans. Most of them are constituents of the plasma.

Different amyloidoses can be systemic (affecting many different organ systems) or organ-specific. Some are inherited, due to acute phase proteins in chronic inflammation (which can lead to AA amyloid).


Diagnosis

Amyloid can be diagnosed on histological examination of affected tissue. Amyloid deposits can be identified histologically by birefringence'. Further, specific, tests are available to more precisely identify the amyloid protein. Biopsies are taken from affected organs (for example, the kidney), or often in the case of systemic amyloid, from the rectum or anterior abdominal adipose tissue. In addition, all amyloid deposits contain Radionuclide SAP scans have been developed which can anatomically localize amyloid deposits in patients.

Systemic amyloidosis

Primary/Hereditary amyloidosis

These rare hereditary disorders are usually due to point mutations in precursor proteins, and are also usually autosomal dominantly transmitted.The precursor proteins are;

Secondary amyloidosis

These are far more common than the primary amyloidoses.

  • AL amyloidosis (immunoglobulin light chains are the precursor protein, overproduced in multiple myeloma). This is sometimes, confusingly and erroneously, called 'primary amyloidosis'.
  • AA amyloidosis (the precursor protein is familial mediterranean fever or chronic infection.
  • Dialysis related amyloidosis (the precursor protein is beta-2-microglobulin which is not removed with dialysis, and thus accumulates in patients with end stage renal failure on dialysis).[1]

Organ-specific amyloidosis

In almost all of the organ-specific pathologies, there is significant debate as to whether the amyloid plaques are the causal agent of the disease or instead a downstream consequence of a common idiopathic agent. The associated proteins are indicated in parentheses.

Neurological amyloid

Cardiovascular amyloid

  • Cardiac amyloidosis
    • Senile cardiac amyloidosis-may cause heart failure
  • Congophilic angiopathy

Other

Famous People who have contracted Amyloidosis

  • James Oliver Rigney, Jr. (aka. Robert Jordan)
  • David Lange

References

  1. ^ Uremia, Timothy W. Meyer and Thomas H. Hostetter, N Engl J Med, 2007 Sep 27, 357(16):1316
v • d • e
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Amyloidosis". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.