Barium titanate



Barium titanate
Identifiers
CAS number 12047-27-7
Properties
Molecular formula BaTiO3
Molar mass 233.192 g/mol
Appearance white crystals
Density 6.02 g/cm3, solid
Melting point

1625 °C

Solubility in water insoluble
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

Barium titanate is an crystal structure. All of the structures exhibit the ferroelectric effect except cubic.

Appearance

It has the appearance of a white powder or transparent crystals. It is insoluble in water and soluble in concentrated S45.

Manufacture

Barium titanate can be manufactured by sintering of doping.

High purity [barium nitrate] powder is reported to be a key component of new capacitor energy storage systems being developed by EEStor for use in electric vehicles.[1]

Barium titanate is often mixed with strontium titanate.

Uses

Barium titanate is used as a dielectric material for ceramic capacitors, and as a piezoelectric material for microphones and other transducers. As a piezoelectric material, it was largely replaced by lead zirconate titanate, also known as PZT.

Polycrystalline barium titanate displays positive thermistors and self-regulating electric heating systems.

Fully-dense nanocrystalline barium titanate has 40% higher permittivity than the same material prepared in classic ways.[2]

Barium titanate crystals find use in nonlinear optics. The material has high beam-coupling gain, and can be operated at visible and near-infrared wavelengths. It has the highest reflectivity of the materials used for self-pumped phase conjugation (SPPC) applications. It can be used for continuous-wave four-wave mixing with milliwatt-range optical power. For photorefractive applications, barium titanate can be doped by various other elements, eg. cerium.[3]

The addition of inclusions of barium titanate to Young's modulus), meaning that when a force acts on the inclusions, there is displacement in the opposite direction, further stiffening the composite.[4]

Thin films of barium titanate display electrooptic modulation to frequencies over 40 GHz.[5]

The pyroelectric and ferroelectric properties of barium titanate are used in some types of uncooled sensors for thermal cameras.

See also

References

  1. ^ http://www.zenncars.com/investor/releases/Certification_EEStor_01_16_2007.pdf
  2. ^ http://research.ucdavis.edu/NCD.cfm?ncdid=658[1]
  3. ^ http://www.redoptronics.com/Ce:BaTiO3-crystal.html Ce:BaTiO3
  4. ^ http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/315/5812/620 [2]
  5. ^ http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-12-24-5962 [3]
 
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