Biomolecule



  A biomolecule is a sulfur. Other elements sometimes are incorporated but are much less common.

Explanation

All known forms of life are composed solely of biomolecules. For example, humans possess skin and hair. The main component of hair is keratin, an agglomeration of nucleic acids.

Besides the polymeric biomolecules, numerous organic molecules are absorbed by living systems.

Types of biomolecules

A diverse range of biomolecules exist, including:


Nucleosides and nucleotides

Nucleosides are molecules formed by attaching a inosine.

Nucleosides can be nucleotides, which are the molecular building blocks of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).

Saccharides

deoxyribose

Disaccharides are formed from two monosaccharides joined together. Examples of disaccharides include lactose

Monosaccharides and disaccharides are sweet, water soluble, and crystalline.

oligosaccharides.

Lipids

unsaturated fatty acids). The chains are usually 14-24 carbon groups long, but it is always an even number.

For lipids present in biological membranes, the hydrophilic head is from one of three classes:

  • Glycolipids, whose heads contain an oligosaccharide with 1-15 saccharide residues.
  • Phospholipids, whose heads contain a positively charged group that is linked to the tail by a negatively charged phosphate group.
  • Sterols, whose heads contain a planar steroid ring, for example, cholesterol.

Other lipids include prostaglandins and arachidonic acid. They are also known as fatty acids

Hormones

metabolic pathways and the regulation of membrane transport processes.

Hormones may be grouped into three structural classes:

  • The steroids are one class of such hormones. They perform a variety of functions, but they are all made from cholesterol.
  • Simple amines or amino acids.
  • Peptides or proteins.

Amino acids

Amino acids are proline which is not actually an amino acid).

Amino acids are the building blocks of long proteins. These protein structures have many structural and functional roles in organisms.

There are twenty amino acids that are encoded by the standard translation (protein synthesis). Only two amino acids other than the standard twenty are known to be incorporated into proteins during translation, in certain organisms:

  • Selenocysteine is incorporated into some proteins at a UGA codon, which is normally a stop codon.
  • methanogens in enzymes that are used to produce methane.

Besides those used in protein synthesis, other biologically important amino acids include taurine.

Protein structure

The particular series of amino acids that form a protein is known as that protein's quaternary structure.

Metalloproteins

A metalloprotein is a molecule that contains a iron-sulfur clusters.

Vitamins

A coenzymes). These compounds must be absorbed, or eaten, but typically only in trace quantities. When originally discovered by a Polish doctor, he believed them to all be basic. He therefore named them vital amines. The l was dropped to form the word vitamines.

See also

 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Biomolecule". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.