Butane



Butane
Identifiers
CAS number 106-97-8
SMILES CCCC
Properties
Molecular formula C4H10
Molar mass 58.124 g/mol
Appearance Colorless gas
Density 2.48 g/l, gas (15 °C, 1 atm)
Melting point

−138 °C (135 K)

Boiling point

−0.5 °C (272.6 K)

Solubility in water 6.1 mg/100 ml (20 °C)
Hazards
MSDS External MSDS
EU classification Highly flammable (F+)
NFPA 704
4
1
0
 
Flash point −60 °C
Related Compounds
Related alkanes Propane; Pentane
Related compounds Cyclobutane
Supplementary data page
Structure and
properties 		εr, etc.
Thermodynamic
data 		Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data MS
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

Butane, also called n-butane, is the unbranched isobutane (also called methylpropane), CH(CH3)3.

Butanes are highly flammable, colorless, easily butyric acid.

Structures of the two isomers of butane

Reactions and uses

When oxygen is plentiful, butane burns to form carbon dioxide and water vapor; when oxygen is limited, carbon (soot) or carbon monoxide may also be formed.

2C4H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O

n-Butane is the feedstock for maleic anhydride:

CH3CH2CH2CH3 + 3.5O2 → C2H2(CO)2O + 4H2O

n-Butane, like all hydrocarbons, undergoes kJ/mol for the two types of C-H bonds. The two central carbon atoms have the slightly weaker C-H bonds.  

Butane gas is sold bottled as a fuel for cooking and camping. When blended with Propane and other hydrocarbons, it is referred to commercially as propellant in aerosol sprays.

Very pure forms of butane, especially isobutane, can be used as R-12, so direct conversion of R-12 systems to butane, such as in automotive air conditioning systems, will not function optimally.

Effects and health issues

Inhaling butane can cause drowsiness, narcosis, asphyxia; cardiac arrhythmia and frostbite, which can result in instant death from Asphyxiation, Acute toxicity and ventricular fibrillation. Butane is the most commonly misused volatile solvent in the UK, and was the cause of 52% of solvent related deaths in 2000.[1] By spraying butane directly into the throat, the jet of fluid can cool rapidly to –20 °C by expansion, causing prolonged laryngospasm.[2] "Sudden Sniffer's Death syndrome", first described by Bass in 1970,[3] is the most common single cause of solvent related death, resulting in 55% of known fatal cases.[2]

   

See also


References

  1. ^ Trends in death Associated with Abuse of Volatile Substances 1971-2004 Field-Smith M, Bland JM, Taylor JC, et al., Department of Public Health Sciences. London: St George’s Medical School
  2. ^ a b Ramsey J, Anderson HR, Bloor K, et al. An introduction to the practice, prevalence and chemical toxicology of volatile substance abuse. Hum Toxicol 1989;8:261–9
  3. ^ Bass M. Sudden sniffing death. JAMA 1970;212:2075–9
v • d • e
Octane ( C8H18 ) • Nonane ( C9H20 ) • Decane ( C10H22 ) • Undecane ( C11H24 ) • Dodecane ( C12H26 )
v • d • e
E numbers

pH regulators & anti-caking agents (E500–599) • Flavour enhancers (E600–699) • Miscellaneous (E900–999) • Additional chemicals (E1100–1599)

Foaming agents (E990–999)

Calcium peroxide (E930) • Hydrogen (E949)

be-x-old:Бутан (рэчыва)
 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Butane". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.