Butanol



Butanol

General
Systematic name 1-Butanol
Other names Butanol
Butan-1-ol
n-Butanol
normal-Butanol
Butyl alcohol
Butyric alcohol
Propylcarbinol
Molecular formula C4H10O
SMILES CCCCO
Molar mass 74.1216(42) g/mol
Appearance clear liquid
CAS number [71-36-3]
Properties
Density and phase 0.8098 g/cm³ @ 20 °C, liquid
water 9.1 mL/100 mL H2O at 25 °C
Melting point −89.5 °C (183.7 K)
Index of refraction 1.3993 @ 20 °C
Boiling point 117.73 °C (390.9 K)
Viscosity 3 cP at 25°C
Structure
Molecular shape  ?
Coordination
geometry 		 ?
Crystal structure  ?
Dipole moment 1.52 D (1-butanol)
Hazards
MSDS External MSDS
Main hazards flammable
NFPA 704
3
1
0
 
Flash point 37 °C (99 °F)
R/S statement S46
RTECS number EO1400000
Supplementary data page
Structure and
properties 		εr, etc.
Thermodynamic
data 		Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data MS
Related compounds
Related alcohols tert-Butanol
Related compounds Butyraldehyde, Butylene
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state (at 25°C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

Butanol or butyl alcohol (sometimes also called biobutanol when produced biologically), is a primary alcohol with a 4 isomeric structures for butanol.

Isomers

The unmodified term butanol usually refers to the straight chain isomer with the alcohol isobutanol; 2-methyl-1-propanol, and the branched isomer with the alcohol at the internal carbon is tert-butanol; 2-methyl-2-propanol.

n-butanol sec-butanol isobutanol tert-butanol

Butanol isomers, due to their different structures, have somewhat different melting and boiling points. All are moderately miscible in water, less so than ethanol, and more so than the higher (longer carbon chain) alcohols. This is because all alcohols have a hydroxyl group which makes them polar which in turn tends to promote solubility in water. At the same time the carbon chain of the alcohol resists solubility in water. Methanol, ethanol and propanol, are fully miscible in water because the hydroxyl group predominates while butanol is moderately miscible because of the balance between the two opposing solubility trends. Like many alcohols, butanol is toxic.

Uses

Biobutanol

Main article: Butanol fuel

Butanol is considered as a potential biofuel (butanol fuel). Butanol at 85 percent strength can be used in cars without any change to the engine (unlike ethanol) and it produces more power than ethanol and almost as much power as gasoline.

Other uses

Butanol sees use as a brake fluids.[1]

It is also used as a base for perfumes, but on its own has a highly alcoholic aroma.

alkali metal salts of tert-butanol are tert-butoxides.

Production

Main article: Butanol fuel

Since the 1950s, most butanol in the United States is produced commercially from fermentation.

See also

References

  • Merck Index, 12th Edition, 1575.
  1. ^ Isobutanol at chemicalland21.com
v • d • e
Alcohols
(0°)tert-Butanol
 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Butanol". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.