Cyclooctatetraene



Cyclooctatetraene
IUPAC name 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene
Other names COT, [8]-annulene
Identifiers
CAS number 629-20-9
RTECS number CY1400000
SMILES C1=C/C=C\C=C/C=C\1
Properties
Molecular formula C8H8
Molar mass 104.15 g/mol
Appearance Clear yellow
Density 0.9250 g/cm³, liquid
Melting point

-27 °C (246 K)

Boiling point

142 - 143 °C (415 - 416 K)

Solubility in water immiscible
Hazards
EU classification Flammable (F)
Muta. Cat. 2
Toxic (T)
NFPA 704
4
3
0
 
R-phrases R45, R46, R11, R36/38,
R48/23/24/25, R65
S-phrases S45
Flash point −11 °C
Autoignition
temperature 		561 °C
Related Compounds
Related hydrocarbons cyclooctane
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

1,3,5,7-Cyclooctatetrene (COT) is an benzene, COT has been the subject of much research and some controversy.

Unlike benzene, C6H6, however, cyclooctatetraene, C8H8, is not substitution reactions, not additions.

History

1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetrene was initially synthesized by Richard Willstätter at Munich in 1905.[1][2]

 

Willstätter noted that the compound did not exhibit the expected aromaticity. Between 1939 and 1943, chemists throughout the US unsuccessfully attempted to synthesize COT. They rationalized their lack of success with the conclusion that Willstätter had not actually synthesized the compound but instead its isomer, Walter Reppe at Ludwigshafen at last repeated Willstätter's synthesis.[3]

Structure and Bonding

 Early studies demonstrated that COT did not display the chemistry of an aromatic compound[4], yet early electron diffraction experiments concluded that the C-C bond distances were identical[5]. However, X-Ray diffraction data from H.S. Kaufman demonstrated cyclooctatetraene to contain two distinct C-C bond distances[6]. This result indicated that COT is an annulene with fixed alternating single and double C-C bonds. In its normal state, cyclooctatetraene is non-planar and adopts a tub-shaped conformation.

Chemistry

  Richard Willstätter's original synthesis (4 consecutive chemical yields near 90%[3]

Because COT is unstable and easily forms explosive hydroquinone is usually added to commercially available material. Testing for peroxides is advised when using a previously opened bottle; white crystals around the neck of the bottle may be composed of the peroxide, which may explode when mechanically disturbed.

COT reacts with ring-opening polymerization of an alkyl-substituted cyclooctatetraene.[7]

Cyclooctatetraenide anion

  COT readily reacts with Huckel electron count of 10. Cyclooctatetraene forms uranocene and Fe(COT)2, are known.

The compound Fe(COT)2, when refluxed in carbon nanotubes[10]

Because COT changes conformation between tub-shaped and planar with addition or subtraction of electrons, it could, in principle, be used to construct artificial muscles. Such devices have been contemplated to be makeable by grafting COT derivatives to a backbone of a suitable conducting polymer, which would supply or remove the reducing equivalents[11].

See also

References

  1. ^ Mason, S. "The Science and Humanism of Linus Pauling (1901-1994)", Chemical Society Reviews 26, 1 (February 1997).
  2. ^ Richard Willstätter, Ernst Waser (1911). "Über Cyclo-octatetraen". Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 44 (3): 3423-3445. doi:10.1002/cber.191104403216.
  3. ^ a b Walter Reppe, Otto Schlichting, Karl Klager, Tim Toepel (1948). "Cyclisierende Polymerisation von Acetylen I Über Cyclooctatetraen". Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 560 (1): 1-92. doi:10.1002/jlac.19485600102.
  4. ^ Johnson, A.W., Sci. Progress; 506; 1947; 35.
  5. ^ Bastiensen, O. et al. Nature; 128; 1947; 160.
  6. ^ Kaufman, H.S., Fankuchen, I., & Mark, H. Nature; 161; 1948; 165.
  7. ^ U.S. Patent 5,198,153 
  8. ^ The cyclooctatetraenyl dianion Thomas J. Katz J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 1960; 82(14); 3784-3785. doi:10.1021/ja01499a077
  9. ^ http://www.nanostruct-mater.jst.go.jp/highlights-e/2004/hilite_nakajima-01.html
  10. ^ Crystalline Graphite from an Organometallic Solution-Phase Reaction Erich C. Walter, Tobias Beetz, Matthew Y. Sfeir, Louis E. Brus, and Michael L. Steigerwald J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 2006; 128(49) pp 15590 - 15591; (Communication) doi:10.1021/ja0666203 10.1021/ja0666203
  11. ^ http://www.fiatlux.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/display.cgi?id=469

10. Experimental/Computational Study of the Electrochemical Oxidation of Cyclooctatetraene in Protic Media. Solvent Effects, Grayson Connors, Xin Wu, Albert J. Fry. J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 2007; http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/asap.cgi/orlef7/asap/html/ol070349s.html

 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Cyclooctatetraene". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.