Cytosine



Cytosine
IUPAC name 4-amino-1H-pyrimidine-2-one
Identifiers
CAS number 71-30-7
PubChem 597
MeSH Cytosine
SMILES C1=C(NC(=O)N=C1)N
Properties
Molecular formula C4H5N3O
Molar mass 111.102
Melting point

320 - 325°C (decomp)

Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references


Cytosine is one of the five main guanine.

History

Cytosine was discovered by Albrecht Kossel in 1894 when it was hydrolysed from calf thymus tissues.[1] A structure was proposed in 1903, and was synthesized (and thus confirmed) in the laboratory in the same year.

Cytosine recently found use in quantum computation. The first time any quantum mechanical properties were harnessed to process information took place on August 1st in 1998 when researchers at Oxford implemented David Deutsch's algorithm on a two qubit NMRQC (molecule.[2]

Chemical reactions

Cytosine can be found as part of DNA, RNA, or as a part of a adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

In DNA and RNA, cytosine is paired with enzymes such as uracil glycosylase, which cleaves a uracil in DNA.

Cytosine can also be methylated into DNA methyltransferase.

References

  1. ^ Kossel, A.; Steudel, H. Z. Physiol. Chem. 1903, 38, 49
  2. ^ Jones, J.A.; M. Mosca (1998-08-01). "Implementation of a quantum algorithm on a nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer". J.Chem.Phys (109): 1648-1653. doi:10.1063/1.476739. Retrieved on 2007-10-18.


Nucleobases: Thymine, Cytosine)
Nucleosides: Thymidine | Cytidine/Deoxycytidine
Nucleotides: monophosphates (cADPR)
Deoxynucleotides: monophosphates (dAMP, dGDP, TDP, dCDP) | triphosphates (dATP, dGTP, TTP, dCTP)
Ribonucleic acids: snoRNA
Deoxyribonucleic acids: mtDNA
Nucleic acid analogues: morpholino
Cloning vectors: phagemid | plasmid | lambda phage | cosmid | P1 phage | fosmid | BAC | YAC | HAC
 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Cytosine". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.