Ethinylestradiol



Ethinylestradiol
Systematic (IUPAC) name
17-ethynyl-13-methyl- sgdfg1,12,13,14,15,16,17- decahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a] phenanthrene-

3,17-diol

Identifiers
CAS number 57-63-6
ATC code L02AA03
PubChem 5991
DrugBank APRD00691
Chemical data
O2 
Mol. mass 296.403
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 97% is bound
Metabolism Liver
Half life 36±13 hours
Excretion Urine
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.

X (USA)

Legal status

Rx-only (U.S.)

Routes Oral, transdermal

Ethinylestradiol, also ethinyl estradiol (EE), is a derivative of combined oral contraceptive pills (the Pill). It is one of the most commonly used medications.

The first orally active synthetic steroidal estrogen, ethinylestradiol (17α-ethynylestradiol), the 17α-ethynyl analog of Schering AG in Berlin.[1][2][3][4][5]

Ethinylestradiol was approved by the Schering as Estinyl.[6] The FDA withdrew approval of Estinyl effective June 4, 2004 at the request of Schering, who had discontinued marketing Estinyl.[7]

While estradiol is readily absorbed when taken orally, it is also quickly inactivated by the liver. Substitution at C17 of the estrane steroid with an ethinyl group proved to provide an estrogen that is much more resistant to degradation and paved the way for the development of oral contraceptives.

EE is absorbed in the small intestine and reaches a serum peak about 2 hours later. It undergoes extensive metabolism in the liver involving the sulfate conjugate.

EE is hormonally effective by activating the progestin combination preparations of oral contraceptives. Over time, formulations have decreased the EE dose from as high as 100 μg to as low as 20 μg.

The same contraindications and precautions apply for EE as with other estrogen medications.

Estinyl was a preparation of EE alone that was used for the management of menopausal symptoms and female hypogonadism.[8]

EE is released into the environment as a xenoestrogen from the urine and feces of people who take it as a medication.

See also

References

  1. ^ Inhoffen HH, Hohlweg W (February 11, 1938). "Neue per os-wirksame weibliche Keimdrüsenhormon-Derivate: 17-Aethinyl-oestradiol und Pregnen-in-on-3-ol-17 (New female glandular derivatives active per os: 17α-ethynyl-estradiol and pregnen-in-on-3-ol-17)". Naturwissenschaften 26 (6): 96.
  2. ^ Maisel, Albert Q. (1965). The Hormone Quest. New York: Random House. OCLC 543168. 
  3. ^ Petrow V (1970). "The contraceptive progestagens". Chem Rev 70 (6): 713-26. PMID 4098492.
  4. ^ Sneader, Walter (2005). "Hormone analogues", Drug discovery : a history. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 188-225. ISBN 0471899801. 
  5. ^ Djerassi C (2006). "Chemical birth of the pill". Am J Obstet Gynecol 194 (1): 290-8. PMID 16389046.
  6. ^ FDA (2007). Drug details: Estinyl (ethinyl estradiol) NDA 005292. search: Estinyl
  7. ^ FDA (May 5, 2004). "Schering Corp. et al.; Withdrawal of Approval of 92 New Drug Applications and 49 Abbreviated New Drug Applications. Notice". Fed Regist 69 (87): 25124-30.
  8. ^ RxList.com - Estinyl (ethinyl estradiol)
 
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