Gum arabic

Painting and Art

Gum arabic is used as a binder for watercolor painting because it dissolves easily in water. Pigment of any color is suspended within the gum arabic in varying amounts, resulting in watercolor paint. Water acts as a vehicle or a diluent to thin the watercolor paint and helps to transfer the paint to a surface such as paper. When all moisture evaporates, the gum arabic binds the pigment to the paper surface.

Photography

The historical photography process of gum bichromate photography uses gum arabic to permanently bind pigments on paper. Ammonium or ultraviolet light.

Printmaking

Gum arabic is also used to protect and etch an image in Phosphoric acid is added in varying concentrations to the gum arabic to etch the darker tones up to dark blacks. Multiple layers of gum are used after the etching process to build up a protective barrier that ensures the ink does not fill into the whitespace of the image being printed.

Political Aspects

Nearly 80% of gum arabic is produced in Sudan^[1], and the production of gum arabic is heavily controlled by the Sudanese government.^[2]

Oddly, the connection between Sudan and Osama bin Laden brought the otherwise innocuous gum to public consciousness in 2001, as an urban legend arose that bin Laden owned a significant fraction of the gum arabic production in Sudan, and that therefore one should boycott products using it.^[3] As a result, some food producers, for instance Snapple, renamed the ingredient to "gum acacia" on their labels.

This story took on somewhat significant proportions, mostly thanks to an article in The Daily Telegraph a few days after the September 11 attacks, which echoed this claim. Eventually the State Department issued a release stating that while Osama bin Laden had once had considerable holdings in Sudanese gum arabic production, he divested himself of these when he was expelled from Sudan in 1996.

In a press conference held at the Washington Press Club on 30 May, 2007, John Ukec Lueth Ukec, Sudan's ambassador to the United States, threatened to stop exportation of gum arabic from his country if sanctions were imposed. The sanctions proposed by the United States were a political response from the United States to the alleged connection between the government of Sudan and the Janjaweed militia group. Ukec made his speech surrounded by Coca-Cola products, although other sodas use gum arabic as an emulsifier as well.^[4]

John Ukec Lueth Ukec was quoted at the Washington press conference, "I want you to know that the gum arabic which runs all the soft drinks all over the world, including the United States, mainly 80 percent is imported from my country," which he said after raising a bottle of Coca-Cola. According to the Washington Post, a reporter then asked if Sudan was threatening to "stop the export of gum arabic and bring down the Western world." To which Ukec replied, "I can stop that gum arabic and all of us will have lost this," and gestured to the Coke bottle.^[4]

Pyrotechnics

Gum arabic is also used as a water soluble binder in firework composition.

Effect on surface tension in liquids

Gum arabic reduces the Diet Coke and Mentos eruption.

References

1. ^ Omer A/El Karim El Wasila (1993-10-17). Gum Arabic - An essential non-wood based products in Sudan. Regional expert Consultation on non-wood Forest Products (NWFP) for English-Speaking African Countries - Arusha, Tanzania. Retrieved on 2007-06-01.
2. ^ James Gerstenzang and Edmund Sanders (2007-05-30). Impact of Bush's Sudan sanctions doubted. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on 2007-06-01.
3. ^ Urban Legends Reference Pages: Rumors of War (Buy Gum!). Snopes (2001-09-19). Retrieved on 2007-06-01.
4. ^ ^{a b} Dana Milbank (2007-05-31). Denying Genocide in Darfur -- and Americans Their Coca-Cola. The Washington Post. Retrieved on 2007-06-01.