Hyperuricemia



Asymptomatic hyperuricemia
Classification & external resources
Uric acid
ICD-10 E79.0
ICD-9 790.6
DiseasesDB 5375
eMedicine med/1112 

Hyperuricemia (American English), or hyperuricaemia (British English), is the presence of high levels of uric acid in the blood. The upper end of the normal range is 360 micromol/L (6 mg/dL) for women and 400 micromol/L (6.8 mg/dL) for men. [1]

Causes

Hyperuricemia is caused either by accelerated generation of uric acid through purine metabolism or by impaired excretion in the kidney, or by high levels of fructose in the diet.[2][3]

Consumption of purine-rich diets is one of the main causes of hyperuricemia. Other dietary causes are ingestion of high protein and fat, and starvation. Starvation results in the body metabolizing its own muscle mass for energy, in the process releasing purines into the bloodstream. Purine bases composition of foods varies. Foods with higher content of purine bases adenine and hypoxanthine are suggested to be more potent in exacerbating hyperuricemia.[4]

Humans lack Metabolic syndrome often presents with hyperuricemia, while a hyperuricemic syndrome is also common in Dalmatian dogs.

Treatment

  • Aquaretics
  • Allopurinol (200-300mg by mouth once daily) use is controversial. By reducing uric acid production in the body, uric acid stores in the body could be mobilized leading to nephrolithiasis or gout.[citation needed]
  • Acetazolamide.
  • Low purine diet (see gout).
  • Febuxostat has been investigated.[5]

See also

  • Hypouricemia
  • Fructose

References

  1. ^ Chizyński K, Rózycka M (2005). "Hyperuricemia" (in Polish). Pol. Merkur. Lekarski 19 (113): 693-6. PMID 16498814.
  2. ^ Nakagawa T, Hu H, Zharikov S, et al (2006). "A causal role for uric acid in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome". Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 290 (3): F625-31. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00140.2005. PMID 16234313.
  3. ^ Mayes PA (1993). "Intermediary metabolism of fructose". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 58 (5 Suppl): 754S-765S. PMID 8213607.
  4. ^ Brule, D. Sarwar, G. and Savoie (1992). "Changes in Serum Uric Acid Levels in Normal Human Subjects Fed Purine-Rich Foods Containing Different Amounts of Adenine and Hypoxanthine". Journal of American College of Nutrition 11 (3): 353-358.
  5. ^ Becker MA, Schumacher HR, Wortmann RL, et al (2005). "Febuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia and gout". N. Engl. J. Med. 353 (23): 2450-61. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa050373. PMID 16339094.
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Hyperuricemia". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.