Knoevenagel condensation



The Knoevenagel condensation reaction is an Aldol condensation [1].

A Knoevenagel condensation is a enone.

In this reaction the carbonyl group is an amine. The active hydrogen component has the form [2]

where Z is an self-condensation of the aldehyde or ketone.

The CS gas.

Doebner modification

 

With malonic compounds the reaction product can lose a molecule of malonic acid in pyridine is trans-2,4-Pentadienoic acid with one carboxylic acid group and not two [4]

Scope

A Knoevenagel condensation is demonstrated in the reaction of 2-methoxybenzaldehyde 1 with the charge transfer complex molecule.

The Knoevelagel condensation is a key step in the commercial production of the antimalarial drug lumefantrine (a component of Coartem) [6]:

The initial reaction product is a 50:50 mixture of equilibrate rapidly around their common hydroxyl precursor, the more stable Z-isomer can eventually be obtained.

A multicomponent reaction featuring a Knoevenagel condensation is demonstrated in this 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole [7]:

See also

References

  1. ^ E. Knoevenagel (1898). "Condensation von Malondiure mit Aromatiachen Aldehyden durch Ammoniak und Amine". Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 31: 2596-2619. doi:10.1002/cber.18980310308.
  2. ^ March, Jerry (1985). Advanced Organic Chemistry, Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure, third Edition, John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-85472-7. 
  3. ^ O. Doebner (1902). "Ueber die der Sorbinsäure homologen, ungesättigten Säuren mit zwei Doppelbindungen". Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 35: 1136 - 1136. doi:10.1002/cber.190203501187.
  4. ^ Peter J. Jessup, C. Bruce Petty, Jan Roos, and Larry E. Overman (1988). "1-N-Acylamino-1,3-dienes from 2,4-pentadienoic acids by the curtius rearrangement: benzyl trans-1,3-butadiene-1-carbamate". Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol. 6: 95. 
  5. ^ 1,3-Diethyl-5-(2-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione Abdullah Mohamed Asiria, Khaled Ahmed Alamrya Abraham F. Jalboutb, Suhong Zhang Molbank 2004, M359 [1] publication.
  6. ^ An Improved Manufacturing Process for the Antimalaria Drug Coartem. Part II Ulrich Beutler, Peter C. Fuenfschilling, and Andreas Steinkemper Org. Process Res. Dev.; 2007; 11(3) pp 341 - 345; (Article) doi:10.1021/op060244p
  7. ^ Mild and ecofriendly tandem synthesis of 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidines in aqueous medium Arkivoc 2007 (06-2251BP) Anshu Dandia, Pritima Sarawgi, Kapil Arya, and Sarita Khaturia Link
 
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