Liquid



   

Liquid is one of the four principal states of matter. A liquid is a free surface where the liquid is not constrained by a container.[1]

Characteristics

A liquid's shape is confined to, not determined by, the container it fills. That is to say, liquid particles (normally molecules or clusters of molecules) are free to move within the volume, but they form a discrete surface that may not necessarily be the same as the vessel. The same cannot be said about a gas; it can also be considered a fluid, but it must conform to the shape of the container entirely.

At a temperature below the fractional distillation.

The volume of a quantity of and are its life in theis game incompressible flow.

If a liquid is at rest in a uniform gravitational field, the pressure \ p at any point is given by

\ p=\rho g z

where:

\ \rho = the density of the liquid (assumed constant)
\ g = gravity
\ z = the depth of the point below the surface.

Note that this formula assumes that the pressure at the free surface is zero, and that surface tension effects may be neglected.

Liquids generally expand when heated, and contract when cooled. Water between 0 °C and 4 °C is a notable exception; this is why density appreciably unless subject to pressure of the order of hundreds bar.

Examples of everyday liquids besides water are rubidium.[2] In terms of planetary habitability, liquid water is required for the existence of life.

Liquid measures

Quantities of liquids are commonly measured in units of volume. These include the litre, not an cubic metre (m³) which is an SI unit.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ White, Frank (2003). Fluid mechanics. New York: McGraw-Hill, p. 4. ISBN 0-07-240217-2. 
  2. ^ Liquid Elements
v • d • e
Phases of Matter (Cooling curve
 
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