Nadolol

Nadolol (Corgard) is a non-selective beta-blocker used in the treatment of high blood pressure, migraine headaches, and chest pain.

Chemistry and pharmacokinetics

Nadolol is nonpolar and hydrophobic, with low lipid solubility.

Mechanism of action

Nadol is a beta-specific sympatholytic which non-selectively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors which are mainly located in the heart, inhibiting the effects of the aldosterone production. Nadolol therefore inhibits the vasoconstriction and water retention due to angiotensin II and aldosterone, respectively.

The drug impairs AV node conduction and decreases sinus rate.

Nadolol may also increase plasma cholesterol levels.

Indications

Nadolol is indicated for treatment of moderate hypertension and chest pain. In patients with severe hypertension, nadolol can also treat reflex tachycardia due to treatment with vasodilators.

Off-Label Uses

A recent study found that, in certain adults with ADHD that had not responded to traditional therapies, or were unable to tolerate them, the addition of nadolol saw increase in attention and focusing capacities, along with a decrease in anxiety, impulsiveness, and somatic discomfort. [[1]]

Contraindications

Patients whose heart rate is largely mediated by the sympathetic nervous system (e.g. patients with congestive heart failure or myocardial infarct) should avoid nadolol as it inhibits sympathetic function. Nadolol is also contraindicated in patients with bradycardia (slow heart rate) because of its vasodilatory effects and tendency to cause bradycardia.

Because of its beta-2 activity, nadolol causes pulmonary vasoconstriction and should be avoided in asthma patients in preference of a beta-1 blocker.

As nadolol, like other beta-2 blockers, inhibits the release of insulin-dependent diabetes, a selective beta-1 blocker is preferred over non-selective blockers.

Side effects

• Bradycardia
• Fatigue
• Bronchospasms

See also

• Renin-angiotensin system
• Anti-hypertensive
• Cardiology

References

^  Buice RG, Subramanian VS, Duchin KL, Uko-Nne S. (1996). "Bioequivalence of a highly variable drug: an experience with nadolol.". Pharmaceutical Research 13 (7): 1109-15.

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