Refractory

The term refractory refers to the quality of a material to retain its strength at high furnaces, kilns and incinerators. There is no clearly established boundary between refractory and non-refractory materials, though a practical requirement often cited is the ability of the material to withstand temperatures above 1100 °C without softening.

Refractory materials

Main article: Refractory metals

Refractory materials must be strong at high temperatures, resistant to coefficients of expansion.

The carbon cannot be used when it will be in contact with oxygen, as it will burn.

Types of refractories

Refractory metals are also frequently used.

Refractories are used mainly in the Iron and Steel industry and also used in other refineries and smelting processes.

Refractory Anchorage

Anti-abrasion refractory attached to pipes, chambers, etc, will require anchorage systems such as wire formed anchors or hexmetal to support the refractory linings.

Refractories are mainly two types, Bricks or Monolithics. Bricks are used in lining inside furnaces, smelters, ovens.....etc. Monolithics are all refractoires but not included the bricks shape. Examples for monolithics are gunning material and castables. (Andrew Adam)