Silane



Silane
IUPAC name Silane
Other names Silicon tetrahydride
Silicon hydride
Monosilane
Silicane
Identifiers
CAS number 7803-62-5
RTECS number VV1400000
Properties
Molecular formula SiH4
Molar mass 32.12 g mol−1
Appearance Colourless gas
Density  ? kg m−3 (solid)
0.7 g/ml (liquid)
1.342 g L−1 (gas)
Melting point

88 K (−185°C)

Boiling point

161 K (−112°C)

Solubility in water Insoluble
Structure
Molecular shape tetrahedral
Dipole moment 0 D
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation ΔfHo298 		-1615 kJ mol−1
Standard molar
entropy So298 		283 J mol−1 K−1
Hazards
Main hazards low toxicity,
avoid exposure to skin,
irritant, may cause
redness and swelling
NFPA 704
4
1
3
 
Flash point N/A
Autoignition
temperature 		294 K (21°C)
Related Compounds
Related hydrides methane
Related compounds disilene
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

Silane is a chemical vapor deposition of silicon.

More generally, a silane is any silicon analogue of an Oxygen decomposes silanes easily, because the silicon-oxygen bond is quite stable.

There exists a regular nomenclature for silanes. Each silane's name is the word silane preceded by a numerical prefix (di, tri, tetra, etc.) for the number of silicon atoms in the molecule. Thus Si2H6 is disilane, Si3H8 is trisilane, and so forth. There is no need for a prefix for one; SiH4 is simply silane. Silanes can also be named like any other inorganic compound; in this naming system, silane is named silicon tetrahydride. However, with longer silanes, this becomes cumbersome.

A cyclosilane is a silane in a ring, just as a cycloalkane is an alkane in a ring.

Branched silanes are possible. The alkyl radicals.

Silanes can also incorporate the same functional groups as alkanes, e.g. –OH to make a silanol. There is (at least in principle) a silicon analogue for all carbon alkanes.

Production

Industrially, silane is produced from metallurgical grade silicon in a two-step process. In the first step, powdered silicon is reacted with chemical equation:

Si + 3HCl → HSiCl3 + H2

The trichlorosilane is then boiled on a resinous bed containing a disproportionation to silane and silicon tetrachloride according to the chemical equation:

4HSiCl3 → SiH4 + 3SiCl4

The most commonly used catalysts for this process are aluminium chloride.

Applications

Several industrial and medical applications exist for silanes. For instance, silanes are used as coupling agents to adhere polycrystalline silicon layers on silicon wafers when manufacturing semiconductors, and sealants.

Silane is also used in Supersonic combustion ramjets to initiate combustion in the compressed air stream.

Silane and similar compounds containing Si-H-bonds are used as reducing agents in organic and organometallic chemistry.[2]

"Mars sand" exposes regular sand to trimethylhyroxysilane vapors to make the sand waterproof.

References

  1. ^ Graffiti protection systems
  2. ^ Reductions of organic compounds using silanes

See also
 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Silane". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.