Silver chloride



Silver chloride
IUPAC name Silver(I) chloride
Other names Silver chloride; cerargyrite; chlorargyrite; horn silver
Identifiers
CAS number 7783-90-6
RTECS number VW3563000
Properties
Molecular formula AgCl
Molar mass 143.32 g mol-1
Appearance White Solid
Density 5.56 × 103 kg m−3
Melting point

455 °C

Boiling point

1150 °C

Solubility in water 52 × 10−6 g/100 g at 50 °C
Structure
Crystal structure halite
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation ΔfHo298 		−127.01 kJ mol−1
Standard molar
entropy So298 		96.25 J mol−1 K−1
Hazards
MSDS Salt Lake Metals
NFPA 704
0
2
0
 
Related Compounds
Other anions silver bromide, silver iodide
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

Silver chloride is a chlorargyrite.

Coordination chemistry

The solid adopts the fcc ammonia. Silver chloride reacts with these ligands according to the following illustrative equations:

AgCl(s) + Cl–(concentrated, aqueous) → AgCl2-(aq)
AgCl(s) + 2S2O32–(aq) → Ag[(S2O3)2]3-(aq) + Cl-(aq)
AgCl(s) + 2NH3(aq) → Ag[(NH3)2]+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

Most complexes derived from AgCl are two-, three-, and, in rare cases, four-coordinate, adopting linear, trigonal planar, and tetrahedral coordination geometries, respectively.

In one of the most famous reactions in chemistry, addition of colorless aqueous silver nitrate to an equally colorless solution of sodium chloride produces an opaque white precipitate of AgCl:[2]

Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) → AgCl(s)

This conversion is a common test for the presence of silver bromide (slightly yellowish white) and silver iodide (pale yellow) are also significantly more photosensitive than is AgCl.

Applications

  • Silver chloride is used to make photographic paper since it reacts with photons to form latent image and via photoreduction.
  • The electrochemistry.
  • Silver chloride's low solubility makes it a useful addition to pottery glazes for the production of "Inglaze lustre".
  • Silver chloride has been used as an antidote for mercury.
  • Silver chloride is often used in photochromic lenses, again taking advantage of its reversible conversion to Ag metal.
  • Silver chloride is used to create yellow, amber, and brown shades in stained glass manufacture.
  • Silver chloride is used in bandages and wound healing products.
 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Silver_chloride". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.