Surface science



Surface science is the study of physical and self-assembled monolayers and adhesives. Surface science is closely related with Interface and Colloid Science studies macroscopic phenomena that occur in heterogeneous systems due to peculiarities of interfaces.

History

The field of surface chemistry started with nickel [6] [7] followed.

Surface chemistry

Surface chemistry can be roughly defined as the study of chemical reactions at interfaces. It is closely related to surface functionalization, which aims at modifying the chemical composition of a surface by incorporation of selected elements or functional groups that produce various desired effects or improvements in the properties of the surface or interface. Surface chemistry also overlaps with catalysis.

The adhesion of gas or liquid molecules to the surface is known as adsorption. This can be due to either chemisorption or by physisorption. These too are included in surface chemistry.

The behaviour of a solution based interface is affected by the surface charge, dipoles, energies and their distribution within the electrical double layer.

Surface physics

Surface physics can be roughly defined as the study of physical changes that occur at interfaces. It overlaps with surface chemistry. Some of the things investigated by surface physics include nanostructures on surfaces.

Analysis techniques

The study and analysis of surfaces involves both physical and chemical analysis techniques.

Several modern methods probe the topmost 1-10 nm of the of surfaces exposed to vacuum. These include list of materials analysis methods.

These purely optical techniques can be used to study interfaces under a wide variety of conditions. Reflection-Absorption Infrared, Surface Enhanced Raman and Sum Frequency Generation spectroscopies can be used to probe solid-vacuum as well as solid-gas, solid-liquid, and liquid-gas surfaces.

Modern physical analysis methods include nanotechnology.

See also

References

  1. ^ Martin Prutton (1994). Introduction to Surface Physics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198-53476-0. 
  2. ^ Lyklema. J. Fundamentals of Interface and Colloid Science, Academic Press, vol.1-5 (1995-2005)
  3. ^ Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007 Chemical Processes on Solid Surfaces Håkan Wennerström, Sven Lidin http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2007/chemadv07.pdf
  4. ^ Adsorption of hydrogen on palladium single crystal surfaces Surface Science, Volume 41, Issue 2, February 1974, Pages 435-446 H. Conrad, G. Ertl and E. E. Latta doi:10.1016/0039-6028(74)90060-0
  5. ^ Adsorption of hydrogen on a Pt(111) surface Surface Science, Volume 54, Issue 2, February 1976, Pages 365-392 K. Christmann, G. Ertl and T. Pignet doi:doi:10.1016/0039-6028(76)90232-6
  6. ^ Adsorption of hydrogen on nickel single crystal surfaces K. Christmann, O. Schober, G. Ertl, and M. Neumann The Journal of Chemical Physics -- June 1, 1974 -- Volume 60, Issue 11, pp. 4528-4540 doi:10.1063/1.1680935
  7. ^ Chemisorption geometry of hydrogen on Ni(111): Order and disorder The Journal of Chemical Physics -- May 1, 1979 -- Volume 70, Issue 9, pp. 4168-4184 doi:10.1063/1.438041
 
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