Antidote

An antidote is a substance which can counteract a form of poisoning.

Sometimes, the antidote for a particular toxin is manufactured by injecting the toxin into an animal in small doses and the resulting epinephrine).

Some other toxins have no known antidote. For example, the poison castor oil manufacture, has no antidote, and as a result is often fatal if it enters the human body in sufficient quantities.

Ingested poisons are frequently treated by the oral administration of activated charcoal, which absorbs the poison, and then it is flushed from the digestive tract, removing a large part of the toxin.

Poisons which are injected into the body (such as those from bites or stings from venomous animals) are usually treated by the use of a constriction band which limits the flow of lymph and/or blood to the area, thus slowing circulation of the poison around the body.

Poison and toxic signs

• physostigmine sulfate as the antidote.
• atropine sulfatepoisoning is given Anticholinesteraseand pralidoxime chloride 2-PAM as the antidote.
• flumazenil as the antidote.
• glucagon as the antidote.
• oxygen as the antidote.
• sodium nitrite, and thiosulfate as the antidote.
• Digoxin poisoning is given Fragment antigen binding(Fab) fragments that bind to digoxin (trade names Digibind and Digifab) as the antidote.
• fomepizole as the antidote.
• Extrapyramidal reactions associated with antipsychotic poisoning is given diphenhydramine hydrochloride and benztropine mesylate as the antidote.
• dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA, succimer) as the antidote.
• protamine sulfate as the antidote.
• deferoxamine mesylate as the antidote.
• Isoniazid poisoning is given pyridoxine as the antidote.
• fomepizole as the antidote.
• Methemoglobinemia poisoning is given methylene blue as the antidote.
• Opioid poisoning is given naloxone hydrochloride as the antidote.
• Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning is given N-acetylcysteine as the antidote.
• Prussian blue as the antidote.
• Warfarin poisoning is given vitamin K phytonadione and fresh frozen plasma as the antidote.

See also

• snakebite
• tourniquet