Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate



Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
IUPAC name (2-hydroxy-3-oxo-propoxy)phosphonic acid
Identifiers
CAS number 142-10-9
PubChem 729
MeSH Glyceraldehyde+3-Phosphate
SMILES C(C(C=O)O)OP(=O)(O)O
Properties
Molecular formula C3H7O6P
Molar mass 170.058
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, also known as triose phosphate or 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and abbreviated as G3P, GADP, GAP or PGAL, is a P.

The optical isomers of the compound and the one most often occurring in living organisms) is 591-57-1.

An intermediate in both gluconeogenesis

Formation

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is formed from the following three compounds in reversible reactions:

  • Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F1,6BP), catalyzed by aldolase.
β-D-fructose 1,6-phosphate fructose bisphosphate aldolase D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dihydroxyacetone phosphate
+
fructose bisphosphate aldolase

Compound C05378 at KEGG Pathway Database. Enzyme 4.1.2.13 at KEGG Pathway Database. Compound C00111 at KEGG Pathway Database. Compound C00118 at KEGG Pathway Database.

The numbering of the carbon atoms indicates the fate of the carbons according to their position in fructose 6-phosphate.

  • Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), catalyzed by triose phosphate isomerase.
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate triose phosphate isomerase D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
 
 
  triose phosphate isomerase

Compound C00111 at KEGG Pathway Database.Enzyme 5.3.1.1 at KEGG Pathway Database.Compound C00118 at KEGG Pathway Database.

As a substrate

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase D-glycerate 1,3-bisphosphate
 
NAD+ + Pi NADH + H+
NAD+ + Pi NADH + H+
 
 

Compound C00118 at KEGG Pathway Database. Enzyme 1.2.1.12 at KEGG Pathway Database. Reaction R01063 at KEGG Pathway Database. Compound C00236 at KEGG Pathway Database.

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is also of some importance since this is how pentose phosphate pathway.

An intermediate in photosynthesis

During plant light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis for their continued functioning. RuBP is regenerated for the Calvin cycle to continue.

G3P is generally considered the prime end-product of photosynthesis and it can be used as an immediate food nutrient, combined and rearranged to form monosaccharide sugars, such as starch.

Balance sheet

6 CO2 + 6 RuBP (+ energy from 12 ATP and 12 NADPH) → 12 G3P (3-carbon)

10 G3P (+ energy from 6 ATP) → 6 RuBP (ie starting material regenerated)

2 G3P → glucose (6-carbon).

In tryptophan biosynthesis

Glyceradehyde 3-phosphate occurs as a byproduct in the biosynthesis pathway of amino acid that cannot be produced by the human body.

In thiamine biosynthesis

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate occurs as a reactant in the biosynthesis pathway of thiamine (Vitamin B1), another substance that cannot be produced by the human body.

See also

 v • d • e 
Metabolic Pathway
Glucose Hexokinase Glucose-6-phosphate Phosphoglucoisomerase Fructose 6-phosphate Phosphofructokinase Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate Fructose bisphosphate aldolase Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Triosephosphate isomerase Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase
ATP ADP ATP ADP NAD+ + Pi NADH + H+
+ 2
NAD+ + Pi NADH + H+
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate Phosphoglycerate kinase 3-Phosphoglycerate Phosphoglycerate mutase 2-Phosphoglycerate Enolase Phosphoenolpyruvate Pyruvate kinase Pyruvate Pyruvate dehydrogenase Acetyl-CoA
ADP ATP H2O ADP ATP CoA + NAD+ NADH + H+ + CO2
2 2 2 2 2 2
ADP ATP H2O
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