Non-Newtonian fluid



Continuum mechanics
Conservation of mass
Conservation of momentum
Navier-Stokes equations
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A non-Newtonian fluid is a viscosity changes with the applied strain rate. As result, non-Newtonian fluids may not have a well-defined viscosity.

Although the concept of viscosity is commonly used to characterize a material, it can be inadequate to describe the mechanical behavior of a substance, particularly non-Newtonian fluids. They are best studied through several other continuum mechanics.

Common examples

An inexpensive, non-toxic sample of a non-Newtonian fluid sometimes known as solid rather than a liquid. This is the "shear thickening" property of this non-Newtonian fluid. More gentle treatment, such as slowly inserting a spoon, will leave it in its liquid state. Trying to jerk the spoon back out again, however, will trigger the return of the temporary solid state. A person moving quickly and applying sufficient force with his feet can literally walk across such a liquid.[1]

Shear thickening fluids of this sort are being researched for bullet resistant body armor, useful for their ability to absorb the energy of a high velocity projectile impact but remain soft and flexible while worn.

A familiar example of the opposite, a shear-thinning fluid, is paint: one wants the paint to flow readily off the brush when it is being applied to the surface being painted, but not to drip excessively.

Classification types

Kelvin material "Parallel" linear combination of elastic and viscous effects
Anelastic Material returns to a well-defined "rest shape"
Time-dependent viscosity Rheopectic Apparent viscosity increases with duration of stress Some lubricants
Thixotropic Apparent viscosity decreases with duration of stress Non-drip paints and tomato ketchup and most honey varieties.
Generalized Newtonian fluids Stress depends on normal and shear strain rates and also the pressure applied on it Blood, Custard

See also

References

  1. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2XQ97XHjVw
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General subfields within physics
Classical mechanics · Electromagnetism · Condensed matter physics · Atomic, molecular, and optical physics
 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Non-Newtonian_fluid". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.