Piperazine



Piperazine
IUPAC name piperazine
Other names Hexahydropyrazine
Piperazidine
Diethylenediamine
Identifiers
CAS number 110-85-0
PubChem 4837
ATC code P02CB01
SMILES C1CNCCN1
Properties
Molecular formula C4H10N2
Molar mass 86.14 g mol-1
Melting point

106°C

Boiling point

146°C

Acidity (pKa) 5.68, 9.82
Pharmacology
Protein binding 60-70%
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

Piperazine is an saline taste.

The piperazines are a broad class of chemical compounds, many with important pharmacological properties, which contain a core piperazine functional group.

Origin and naming

Piperazines were originally named because of their chemical similarity with black pepper plant (Piper nigrum). Piperidine itself is found in fireant venom and is the cause of the burning sensations from the bites of these insects.

Chemistry

Piperazine is freely soluble in water and ethanol.

Piperazine Derivatives as Drugs

Piperazine was introduced to medicine as a solvent for oxidized and partly eliminated unchanged. Outside the body, piperazine has a remarkable power to dissolve uric acid and producing a soluble urate, but in clinical experience it has not proved equally successful. Lycetol, lysidine and sidonal are compounds having similar action. Many piperazine derivatives are notable successful drugs, including:

As an anthelmintic

Piperazine was first introduced as an GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) receptor. Its selectivity for helminths is because vertebrates only use GABA in the CNS and the helminths' GABA receptor is a different isoform to the vertebrate's one. Piperazine hydrate and piperazine citrate are the main anthelminthic piperazines. These drugs are often referred to simply as "piperazine" which may cause confusion between the specific anthelmintic drugs and the entire class of piperazine-containing compounds.

Other uses

Piperazines are also used in the manufacture of plastics, resins, pesticides, brake fluid and other industrial materials.

Piperazine ferulate tablets are used as a Chinese herb and in one patient resulted in elevated liver enzymes when taken during treatment for latent tuberculosis infection with isoniazid (INH). Stopping both Chinese herb and INH brought liver enzymes back to normal range within 1 month.

References

  • Merck Index, 11th Edition, 7431.

See also

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

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