Fluoroform



R-23 redirects here; for the Soviet air-to-air missile, see Vympel R-23
for the British airship, see R23
Fluoroform
IUPAC name Trifluoromethane
Other names Fluoroform, Carbon trifluoride, Methyl trifluoride, Fluoryl, Freon 23, Arcton 1, HFC 23, R-23, FE-13, UN 1984
Identifiers
CAS number 75-46-7
PubChem 6373
EINECS number 200-872-4
ChEBI 24073
RTECS number PB6900000
SMILES C(F)(F)F
InChI InChI=1/CHF3/c2-1(3)4/h1H
Properties
Molecular formula CHF3
Molar mass 70.01 g/mol
Appearance Colorless gas
Melting point

-155.2 °C (117.95 K)

Boiling point

-82.1°C (191.05 K)

Solubility in water 1 g/l
Solubility in organic solvents Soluble
Vapor pressure 4.38 MPa at 20 °C
kH 0.013 mol.kg-1.bar-1
Acidity (pKa) 25 - 28
Hazards
Main hazards Nervous system depression
NFPA 704
0
1
0
 
S-phrases S38
Flash point Non-flammable
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

Fluoroform is the decarboxylation of trifluoroacetic acid.[1]

Additional physical properties

Property Value
Density (ρ) at -100 °C (liquid) 1.52 g/cm3
Density (ρ) at -82.1 °C (liquid) 1.431 g/cm3
Density (ρ) at -82.1 °C (gas) 4.57 kg/m3
Density (ρ) at 0 °C (gas) 2.86 kg/m3
Density (ρ) at 15 °C (gas) 2.99 kg/m3
Dipole moment 1.649 D
Critical pressure (pc) 4.87 MPa
Critical temperature (Tc) 25.7 °C (299 K)
Critical density (ρc) 7.52 mol/l
Compressibility factor (Z) 0.9913
Acentric factor (ω) 0.263
Viscosity (η) at 25 °C 14.4 μPa.s (0.0144 cP)
Molar specific heat at constant volume (CV) 51.577 J.mol-1.K-1
Latent heat of vaporization (lb) 257.91 kJ.kg-1

Industrial applications

CHF3 is used in the silicon nitride.

As a refrigerant, CHF3 is known as R-23 or HFC-23.

HFC-23 is also used as a replacement for DuPont trade name, FE-13. CHF3 is recommended for this application because of its low toxicity, its low reactivity, and its high density.

CHF3 is a potent greenhouse gas. The secretariat of the Clean Development Mechanism estimates that a ton of HFC-23 in the atmosphere has the same effect as 11,700 tons of carbon dioxide. The atmospheric lifetime is 260 years.[2] According to researchers, it is the most abundant of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Its usage has been regulated since December 1997 at Kyoto climate conference.

Chemistry

It was first obtained by Meslans in the violent reaction of halogen atoms by fluorine is vigorous. By changing to a two step process, first forming a bromodifluoro methane in the reaction of antimony trifluoride with bromoform and finishing the reaction with mercury fluoride the first efficient synthesis method was found by Henne.[5]

Organic chemistry

CHF3 is a reagent to generate CF3- reagents by deprotonation. The molecule is weakly acidic with a pKa = 25–28. It is a precursor to CF3Si(CH3)3[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ Kirschner, E., Chemical and Engineering News 1994, 8.
  2. ^ (2001) "Refrigerant Data Summary". Engineered Systems 18: 74-88.
  3. ^ Meslans M. M. (1894). ".". Annales de chimie et de physique 7 (1): 346-423.
  4. ^ Henne A. L. (1937). "Fluoroform". Journal of the American Chemical Society 59 (7): 1200-1202. doi:10.1021/ja01286a012.
  5. ^ Henne A. L. (1937). "Fluoroform". Journal of the American Chemical Society 59 (7): 1200-1202. doi:10.1021/ja01286a012.
  6. ^ Rozen, S.; Hagooly, A. "Fluoroform" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette) 2004, J. Wiley & Sons, New York. doi:10.1002/047084289 10.1002/047084289


  • McBee E. T. (1947). "Fluorine Chemistry". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry 39 (3): 236 - 237. doi:10.1021/ie50447a002.
  • Oram D. E., Sturges W. T., Penkett S. A., McCulloch A., Fraser P. J. (1998). "Growth of fluoroform (CHF3, HFC-23) in the background atmosphere". Geophysical Research Letters 25 (1): 236 - 237.
  • McCulloch A. (2003). "Fluorocarbons in the global environment: a review of the important interactions with atmospheric chemistry and physics". Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 123 (1): 21-29. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(03)00105-2.
 
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