Neon




10 sodium
Ar
General
number neon, Ne, 10
noble gases
block p
Appearancecolorless
(6) g·mol−1
Electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6
shell 2, 8
Physical properties
Color164
PhasekJ·mol−1
Heat capacity(25 °C) 20.786 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T/K 12 13 15 18 21 27
Atomic properties
Oxidation statesno data
more) 1st: 2080.7 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 3952.3 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 6122 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius (calc.)38 pm
Van der Waals radius154 pm
Miscellaneous
CAS registry number7440-01-9
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of neon
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
20Ne 90.48% Ne is neutrons
21Ne 0.27% Ne is neutrons
22Ne 9.25% Ne is neutrons
References
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Neon (neon lamps. It is commercially extracted from air, in which it is found in trace amounts.

History

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Neon (Greek νέον(neon) meaning "new one") was discovered in 1898 by Scottish chemist xenon, and neon.[2]

Isotopes

Main article: Isotopes of neon

Neon has three magmatic neon and nucleogenic neon. This suggests that neon will be a useful tool in determining cosmic exposure ages of surficial rocks and meteorites.[3]

Similar to diamonds, further suggesting a solar neon reservoir in the Earth.[4]


Notable characteristics

Neon is the second-lightest refrigerant than helium.[6] Neon plasma has the most intense light discharge at normal voltages and currents of all the rare gases. The average color of this light to the human eye is red-orange; it contains a strong green line which is hidden, unless the visual components are dispersed by a spectroscope.[7]

Occurrence

Neon is actually abundant on a universal scale: the fifth most abundant chemical element in the universe by mass, after hydrogen, helium, oxygen, and carbon (see chemical element). Its relative rarity on Earth, like that of helium, is due to its relative lightness and chemical inertness, both properties keeping it from being trapped in the condensing gas and dust clouds of the formation of smaller and warmer solid planets like Earth. Mass abundance in the universe is about 1 part in 750 and in the Sun and presumably in the proto-solar system nebula, about 1 part in 600. The Galileo spacecraft atmospheric entry probe found that even in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter, neon is reduced by about a factor of 10, to 1 part in 6,000 by mass. This may indicate that even the ice-planetesmals which brought neon into Jupiter from the outer solar system, formed in a region which was too warm for them to have kept their neon (abundances of heavier inert gases on Jupiter are several times that found in the Sun).[8]

Neon is a monatomic fractional distillation of liquefied air.[9]

Applications

  The reddish-orange color that neon emits in signs and is used in long tubular strips in car modification. The word "neon" is used generically for these types of lights even though many other gases are used to produce different colors of light.

Neon may also be used in vacuum tubes, high-voltage indicators, lightning arrestors, wave meter tubes, television tubes, and refrigerant in applications not requiring the lower temperature range attainable with more expensive liquid helium refrigeration.

Neon's International Temperature Scale of 1990.[10]

Compounds

Neon is a hydrate.[11]

References

  1. ^ William Ramsay, Morris W. Travers (1898). "On the Companions of Argon". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 63: 437-440.
  2. ^ Neon: History. Softciências. Retrieved on 2007-02-27.
  3. ^ Neon: Isotopes. Softciências. Retrieved on 2007-02-27.
  4. ^ Anderson, Don L.. Helium, Neon & Argon. Mantleplumes.org. Retrieved on 2006-07-02.
  5. ^ Neon (English). Los Almos National Laboratory (15). Retrieved on 2007-03-05.
  6. ^ NASSMC: News Bulletin (English) (30). Retrieved on 2007-03-05.
  7. ^ Plasma. Retrieved on 2007-03-05.
  8. ^ Morse, David (26). Galileo Probe Science Result (English). Galileo Project. Retrieved on 2007-02-27.
  9. ^ Hammond, C. R.. The Elements (English) 19. Fermi National Accelerator Lab. Retrieved on 2007-02-27.
  10. ^ a b "The Internet resource for the International Temperature Scale of 1990.." Amazon.com. 1999. Retrieved on August 31, 2007.
  11. ^ "Periodic Table: Neon." Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Last updated on December 15, 2003. Retrieved on August 31, 2007.
  12. ^ (2005) "Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Melting, boiling, triple, and critical temperatures of the elements", CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th edition, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 
 
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