Noble gas




Group 18
Period
1 2
He
2 10
Ne
3 18
Ar
4 36
Kr
5 54
Xe
6 86
Rn
7 118
Uuo
 

The noble gases are the elements in group 18 (also sometimes Group 0 IUPAC Style, or Group 8) of the ununoctium.

Etymology

"Noble gas" is the translation of the German Edelgas, which was in use as early as 1898[1]. The term edelgas is literally translated as immaculate gas. This refers to the extremely low level of reactivity under normal conditions. The noble gases have also been referred to as atmosphere.[2]

History

The existence of noble gases was not known until after the advent of the standard conditions, the noble gases all occur as monatomic gases.[3] [4]

Chemical makeup

Noble gases have full valence electron shells. Valence electrons are the outermost chemical bonds.[5]

All of them exhibit an extremely low chemical reactivity and very few atomic masses than many normally solid elements.

Applications

One of the most commonly encountered uses of the noble gases in everyday life is in lighting. Krypton is also used in lasers, which are used by doctors for eye surgery.[6]

Physical properties

Property Noble gas
Element number 2 10 18 36 54 86
Element name Helium Neon Argon Krypton Xenon Radon
Density (g/dm³) 0.1786 0.9002 1.7818 3.708 5.851 9.97
Atomic radius (nm) 0.050 0.070 0.094 0.109 0.130 -
Boiling point (°C) -268.83 -245.92 -185.81 -151.7 -106.6 -62
Melting point (°C) -272 -248.52 -189.6 -157 -111.5 -71

Notation

The Noble Gases can be used in conjunction with the electron configuration notation to make what is called the Noble Gas Notation. For example: while the electron notation of the element carbon is 1s²2s² 2p², the Noble Gas notation would be [He] 2s²2p².

This notation makes the identification of elements faster, and is shorter and easier than writing out the full notation of orbitals.

References

  1. ^ Erdmann, H Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie (1898), page 84, cited in Science 15 February 1901 13: 268-270, by Edward Renouf.
  2. ^ Periodic Table: Noble Gases. Retrieved on 2007-03-11.
  3. ^ Cosmic Chemistry: An Elemental Question (English) 7. NASA: Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved on 2007-03-11.
  4. ^ Ozima, Minoru; Podosek, Frank A. (2001). Noble Gas Geochemistry (English) 2. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved on 2007-03-14.
  5. ^ Carpi, Anthony. Chemical Reactions (English). Visionlearning. Retrieved on 2007-03-11.
  6. ^ Inspiring Gases: Noble Gases. Retrieved on 2007-03-11.


Explanation of above periodic table slice:
Noble gases Atomic numbers in red are gases Solid borders indicate primordial elements (older than the Earth) Dashed borders indicate radioactive natural elements Dotted borders indicate radioactive synthetic elements No borders indicate undiscovered elements
 
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