Vaska's complex



Vaska's complex
IUPAC name Chlorocarbonylbis
(triphenylphosphine)iridium(I)
Other names Iridium(I)bis(triphenylphosphine)
carbonyl chloride
Vaska's complex
Vaska's compound
Identifiers
CAS number 14871-41-1
EINECS number 238-941-6
Properties
Molecular formula IrCl(CO)[P(C6H5)3]2.
Molar mass 780.25 g/mol
Appearance yellow crystals
Density  ? g/cm3, ?
Melting point

215 °C (decomp.)

Solubility in water insol
Structure
Coordination
geometry 		sq. planar
Hazards
Main hazards none
R-phrases none
S-phrases 22-24/25
Related Compounds
Other anions IrI(CO)[P(C6H5)3]2
Other cations RhCl(CO)[P(C6H5)3]2
Related compounds Pd[P(C6H5)3]4
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

Vaska's complex is the carbon monoxide, and chloride. The complex was reported by Di Luzio and Vaska in 1961.[1] Vaska's complex can undergo O2 reversibly. It is a bright yellow crystalline solid.

Preparation

The synthesis involves heating virtually any iridium chloride salt with P(C6H5)3 with a CO source. The most popular method uses aniline is added to accelerate the reaction. Another popular solvent is 2-methoxyethanol. The reaction typically is conducted under nitrogen. In the synthesis, triphenylphosphine serves as both a ligand and a reductant, and the carbonyl ligand is derived by decomposition of dimethylformamide probably via a deinsertion of an intermediate Ir-C(O)H species. The following is a possible balanced equation for this complicated reaction.[2]

H2IrCl6 + 3.5P(C6H5)3 + HCON(CH3)2 + 4C6H5NH2 + 1.5H2O → IrCl(CO)[P(C6H5)3]2 + (CH3)2NH2+Cl- + 1.5 OP(C6H5)3

Typical sources of iridium used in this preparation are IrCl3.xH2O and H2IrCl6.

Reactions

Studies on Vaska's complex provided a conceptual framework for iodomethane (CH3I).

An interesting characteristic of Vaska's complex is that it binds O2 reversibly.

IrCl(CO)[P(C6H5)3]2 + O2 ↔ IrCl(CO)[P(C6H5)3]2O2

The dioxygen ligand is bonded to Ir(I) via both oxygen atoms, so-called side-on bonding. In myoglobin and hemoglobin, O2 binds "end-on," attaching to the metal via only one of the two oxygen atoms. The oxygenation reaction is carried out simply by bubbling O2 through a solution of Vaska's complex in toluene, which results in a colour change from yellow to orange. The resulting dioxgen adduct reverts to the parent complex upon heating in boiling benzene solution.

Spectroscopy

carbon monoxide.[3] These shifts are dependent on the amount of π-back bonding allowed from the newly associated ligands. The CO stretching frequencies for Vaska's complex and oxidatively added ligands have been documented in literature.[4]

  • Vaska's Complex: 1967 cm-1
  • Vaska's + O2: 2015 cm-1
  • Vaska's + MeI: 2047 cm-1
  • Vaska's + I2: 2067 cm-1

Oxidative addition to give Ir(III) products reduces the π-bonding from Ir to C, which causes the increase in the frequency of the carbonyl stretching band. The stretching frequency changes depending on the ligands that have been added, but is always greater than 2000 cm-1 for an Ir(III) complex.

References

  1. ^ L. Vaska and J.W. DiLuzio (1961). "Carbonyl and Hydrido-Carbonyl Complexes of Iridium by Reaction with Alcohols. Hydrido Complexes by Reaction with Acid". Journal of the American Chemical Society 83: 2784-5. doi:10.1021/ja01473a054.
  2. ^ Girolami, G.S.; Rauchfuss, T.B.; Angelici, R.J. Synthesis and Technique in Inorganic Chemistry, Third ed.; University Science Books.: Sausalito, 1999, pp190. ISBN 0935702482.
  3. ^ Vaska, L.; John W. DiLuzio, J. W. (1962). "Activation of Hydrogen by a Transition Metal Complex at Normal Conditions Leading to a Stable Molecular Dihydride". Journal of the American Chemical Society 84: 679 - 680. doi:10.1021/ja00863a040.
  4. ^ Crabtree, R. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals; Third Ed.; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Canada, 2001, pp152.
 
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